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Audio Network Transmission Protocols: Dante, AVB, MADI, and AES67
In professional audio, network-based transmission protocols have replaced traditional systems, offering greater flexibility, scalability, and efficiency. Among the most relevant are Dante, AVB, MADI, and AES67—each with specific characteristics and applications. Below, we examine their features, differences, and recommended use cases.
Dante, AVB, MADI, and AES67
1. Dante: The Dominant Standard in Audio over IP
Definition
Dante (Digital Audio Network Through Ethernet) is a protocol developed by Audinate that uses standard Ethernet networks (IEEE 802.3) to transmit multichannel audio with extremely low latency.
Advantages
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Adjustable latency (down to sub-milliseconds).
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Scalability: Supports up to 1,024 channels on Gigabit networks.
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AES67 compatibility for interoperability with other systems.
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Easy configuration via dedicated software (Dante Controller).
Primary Applications
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Recording studios.
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Live broadcasting.
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Fixed installations (theaters, stadiums).
2. AVB (Audio Video Bridging): The IEEE Standard Protocol
Definition
AVB (Audio Video Bridging) is a set of IEEE 802.1 standards designed to ensure synchronized audio and video transmission over Ethernet networks.
Key Features
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Precise time synchronization (IEEE 802.1AS).
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Bandwidth reservation (Quality of Service – QoS).
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Requires AVB/TSN-compatible switches (Time-Sensitive Networking).
Limitations
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Lower adoption compared to Dante.
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More restrictive infrastructure (specific hardware required).
Use Cases
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Integrated AV productions (with video).
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Professional audio systems requiring strict synchronization.
3. MADI: The Traditional Multichannel Audio Protocol
Definition
MADI (Multichannel Audio Digital Interface) is a point-to-point protocol that transmits digital audio via coaxial or fiber optic cables.
Technical Specifications
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Up to 64 audio channels (at 48 kHz) per link.
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Low latency but lacks IP network flexibility.
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Supports distances up to 3,000 meters with fiber optics.
Typical Applications
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Connections between digital mixing consoles.
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Studio-to-studio links.
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Fixed broadcast signal routing.
4. AES67: The Interoperability Standard
Definition
AES67 is a standard by the Audio Engineering Society (AES) that enables interoperability between different audio-over-IP systems.
How It Works
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Uses RTP/UDP for audio transport.
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Implements PTPv2 (Precision Time Protocol) for synchronization.
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Compatible with Dante, Ravenna, and Livewire.
Advantages
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Bridges heterogeneous networks (e.g., Dante with Ravenna devices).
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Open and standardized solution.
Conclusion: Selection Criteria
| Protocol | Key Advantages | Recommended Use |
|---|---|---|
| Dante | Low latency, easy setup | Studios, live events |
| AVB | Precise synchronization | Integrated AV systems |
| MADI | Stability, high capacity | Broadcast, fixed links |
| AES67 | Interoperability | Multi-platform environments |
The future of professional audio lies in standardized IP networks (TSN/AES67), where interoperability and flexibility will be critical.